Iqhaza Elibalulekile Le-Plain Bearings ku-Wind Turbines

Emzamweni wokuthola amandla avuselelekayo, izinjini zomoya zimi njengezimangaliso ezinkulu zobunjiniyela. Ngenkathi ama-blade namajeneretha evame ukuthwebula ukukhanya, amaqhawe angaculwa aqinisekisa ukusebenza kwawo okushelelayo, okuthembekile, nokusebenza kahle yizingxenye ezingaphakathi—ikakhulukazi. ama-bearings alula. Iqhaza labo aligcini nje ngokusekela kodwa libaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-turbine, impilo ende, nokusebenza kwezomnotho.

Ama-Bearings angenalutho zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle nasekuphileni isikhathi eside kwezinjini zomoya. Ukuzungezisa ama-shafts, ukuncishiswa kokungqubuzana, nokunyakaza okushelelayo kwezakhi ezihlukahlukene ze-turbine konke kuncike kulezi zingxenye ezibonakala zingabalulekile. Izinjini zomoya zithembele kakhulu kumabheringi angenalutho ku-shaft eyinhloko, i-yaw, namasistimu e-pitch, athuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwawo nokuthembeka. Umbukiso wamandla avuselelekayo uncike kakhulu kuwo ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwawo ukungqubuzana okuphansi, amandla okusebenza kuzilungiselelo ezingathetheleli, kanye nokuqina. Kuyinto engaqondakali ukugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuma kwekhwalithi ephezulu ye-plain orientation ekuthuthukisweni nasekugcinweni kwama turbines omoya, uma kubhekwa ukunwetshwa okuqhubekayo kwamandla omoya.

Yini i-Plain Bearing (I-Sliding Bearing)?

Ama-bearings angenalutho (owaziwa nangokuthi ama-sliding noma ama-sleeve bearings) awuhlobo olulula lokuthwala. Ngokungafani nama-rolling-element bearings (amabhola noma ama-roller bearings), asebenza ngomgomo wokuthintana ngokuslayida. Ngokuvamile ahlanganisa indawo ethwele, ngokuvamile eyenziwa ngezinto eziyinhlanganisela yezendlalelo eziningi, ezingenazo izingxenye ezihambayo. Le ndawo engaphezulu yakhelwe ukusekela umthwalo kuyilapho ivumela ukunyakaza okuhlobene nokungqubuzana okuncane.

Ingabe I-Sliding Bearing(i-plain bearing) Isetshenziswa Kuphi Injini Yomoya?

Ama-sliding bearing/Plain bearings asakazwa ezindaweni ezimbalwa ezinengcindezi ephezulu ngaphakathi kwe-wind turbine, ngayinye enezidingo ezihlukile:

I-Rotor Blade Pitch kanye ne-Yaw Systems: Lolu uhlelo lwabo olubaluleke kakhulu.

I-Pitch Bearings: Itholakala empandeni yensingo ngayinye lapho ixhumeka khona kuhabhu. Avumela ama-blade ukuthi ajikeleze ("i-pitch") ukuze akhulise i-engeli yawo emoyeni, alawule ukuphuma kwamandla futhi avikele i-turbine ekugijimeni ngokweqile ngesikhathi somoya omkhulu.

Ama-Yaw Bearings: Itholakala phakathi kwe-nacelle (indlu equkethe i-generator) nombhoshongo. Zenza yonke i-nacelle ikwazi ukuphenduka futhi ibheke ngasemoyeni lapho ishintsha.

Ukusekelwa kwe-Main Shaft: Kweminye imiklamo ye-turbine, ikakhulukazi amamodeli amakhulu, ama-bearings amakhulu angenalutho asetshenziselwa ukusekela shaft eyinhloko enesivinini esiphansi, ukuphatha imithwalo emikhulu ye-radial ne-axial esuka ku-rotor.

Kungani I-Sliding Bearing(i-plain bearing) Ibucayi Kangaka?

Izimo ezidlulele zokusebenza ze-turbine yomoya zenza ama-bearings ashelelayo/ama-plain kube ukukhetha okuphezulu kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile:

Ikhono Lokuthwala Okuphezulu: Ama-sliding bearing/Ama-Plain bearings anendawo enkulu yokuxhumana, ewavumela ukuthi asekele imithwalo emikhulu emile futhi eguquguqukayo ekhiqizwe ama-rotor blade amakhulu nomoya ovunguzayo kangcono kakhulu kunosayizi olinganayo we-elementi eginqikayo. Banekhono elimangalisayo ekuphatheni imithwalo yokushaqeka.

Ukuqina Nokuphila Kwesevisi ende: Idizayinelwe impilo yesevisi yeminyaka engu-20+, ama-bearings angenalutho akhiwe ukuze ahlale. Ukwakhiwa kwazo okulula, okuqinile akuthambekele kakhulu ezindleleni zokwehluleka njengokwenza i-brinelling (ukulimala okungaphezulu) okungathinta ama-roller bearings ngaphansi kwemithwalo esindayo emile lapho i-turbine imiswa.

Ukusebenza Kwezindleko Kuma-Diameter Amakhulu: Ngobubanzi obukhulu obudingekayo ezinhlelweni ze-pitch kanye ne-yaw (ngokuvamile amamitha ambalwa), ukukhiqiza indandatho engenamthungo ye-rearing-elementi evezayo kuyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela emangalisayo futhi kuyabiza. Ama-bearings angenalutho, angahlukaniswa, ayisixazululo esinomnotho kakhulu.

Ukuvumelana nezimo Nokwakheka Komklamo: Idizayini yazo ivumela ukuhlanganiswa ezindaweni eziqinile futhi ingaklanywa ukuphatha imithwalo ehlanganisiwe (i-radial, i-axial, nemithwalo yesikhashana) ngesikhathi esisodwa ngaphakathi kweyunithi yokuthwala eyodwa, okwenza kube lula ukuklama okuphelele kwe-turbine.

Ukunakekela Nokubikezela: Nakuba zidinga ukugcotshwa, ukuguga kwazo kuvame ukuhamba kancane futhi kuyabikezelwa, okuvumela ukuqapha isimo nokunakekelwa okuhleliwe kunokuhluleka okungazelelwe, okuyinhlekelele.

Imisebenzi Eyisisekelo Yama-Plain Bearings kuma-Wind Turbines

Amandla Wokuthwala

Ama-bearings angenalutho kuma-turbines omoya aklanyelwe ukuphatha imithwalo emikhulu. I-rotor nama-blades amakhulu, angaba nesisindo samathani amaningana, athembele kulezi zingxenye ukuze abambe isisindo sazo. Isibonelo, isisindo somhlangano we-rotor kanye nemithwalo yomoya ikhiqiza amandla e-axial kanye ne-radial, okumele i-shaft bearing eyinhloko imelane nayo. Ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukwethembeka kwesikhathi eside futhi kuncishiswe ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ama-bearings angenalutho akhiwe ngezinto ezithile namajiyometri ukuze kuhlakazwe lezi zingcindezi ngokufanayo.

Ama-air turbines' plain bearings nawo avame ukusebenzisa izinto zesimanje njengama-alloys e-bimetal noma izinhlanganisela zensimbi-plastiki. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezithwalayo ezijwayelekile, lezi zingcono kakhulu ekusekeleni imithwalo. Bangakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo yama-cyclic kanye nokushaqeka kwezikhathi ezithile okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-turbine, ikakhulukazi phakathi nokuqalisa, ukuvala shaqa, kanye nezivunguvungu zomoya kungazelelwe.

Ukuncishiswa kwe-Friction

Omunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko yama-bearings angenalutho kuma-turbines omoya ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezingxenye ezihambayo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu eziningi. Okokuqala, ukwanda kokusebenza kahle ekuguquleni amandla omoya abe amandla kagesi kuwumphumela oqondile wokungqubuzana okuncane. Njengenzuzo yesibili, ukungqubuzana okuncishisiwe kusho ukuguga okuncane nokuqhekeka kwezingxenye, okusho ukuthi i-turbine ihlala isikhathi eside phakathi kokulungiswa.

Ukungqubuzana okuncishisiwe kuma-bearings angenalutho kuwumphumela wokukhethwa kwezinto ngokucophelela kanye nobunjiniyela bezindawo ezithwalayo. Noma ngabe imithwalo esindayo, ama-bearings amaningi anamuhla asetshenziswa ezinjinini zomoya ayakwazi ukuzigcoba ngokwawo ngokugcina ungqimba oluncane lokuthambisa phakathi kwendawo yawo. Ngenxa yokuthi ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kwesinye isikhathi kunzima futhi kuyabiza, lesi sici sokuzithambisa siwusizo ikakhulukazi emapulazini omoya asogwini noma akude.

Ukuzivumelanisa Nemvelo

Izinjini zomoya zisebenza ezindaweni ezihlukene nezivame ukubanokhahlo, kusukela ogwadule olushisayo ukuya ezindaweni ezibandayo zase-arctic, ngisho naphesheya kwezilwandle ezindaweni ezishisayo zamanzi anosawoti. Ama-bearings angenalutho kufanele akwazi ukusebenza ngokuthembekile ezinhlobonhlobo zamazinga okushisa nezimo zemvelo. Izinto ezisetshenziswa kulawa ma-bearings zikhethwa ngenxa yekhono labo lokugcina izakhiwo nokusebenza kwazo ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo ezihlukahlukene.

Ngokwesibonelo, abanye ama-bearings alula hlanganisa okokunamathela okukhethekile noma ukwelapha okungaphezulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqwala, isici esibalulekile samaturbine ezindaweni ezisogwini noma ezingasogwini. Ezinye ziklanywe ngezinto ezikwazi ukumelana nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa okwedlulele ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuzinza kwazo kobukhulu noma amandla okuthwala umthwalo. Umthamo wezinjini zomoya ukusebenza kahle nangokuthembekile cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo kuwumphumela wokuguquguquka kwawo kwemvelo, okusiza ekwandiseni amandla omoya emhlabeni jikelele.

Izicelo Ezibalulekile Ze-Plain Bearings ku-Wind Turbine Components

Ama-Main Shaft Bearings

I-shaft eyinhloko ye-turbine yomoya iyisici esibalulekile esidlulisela amandla okujikeleza ukusuka ku-rotor kuya ku-generator. Ama-bearings angenalutho adlala indima ebalulekile ekusekeleni le shaft, iqinisekisa ukujikeleza kwayo okushelelayo kuyilapho imelana nemithwalo emikhulu. Lawa ma-bearings kufanele ahlale eqinile futhi akwazi ukusebenza ngokwethembeka isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokulungisa okuncane.

Ama-ain shaft plain bearings kuma-wind turbines avame ukuklanywa njengama-bearings anobubanzi obukhulu, ohlobo oluhlukanisiwe ukuze kube lula ukufakwa nokunakekelwa. Amasistimu okugcoba nge-Hydrodynamic nezinye izici ezintsha zingakhuphula umthamo wazo wokuthwala futhi zinciphise ukuguga. Ukwelashwa okukhethekile kwendawo nakho kungasetshenziswa. Ukuze i-turbine yomoya isebenze kahle futhi ihlale isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, lawa ma-bearings kufanele aqondaniswe kahle futhi agcotshwe kahle.

I-Yaw System Bearings

Isistimu ye-yaw ku-turbine yomoya inesibopho sokuzungezisa i-nacelle ne-rotor ukuze ibhekane nendawo yomoya, ithuthukise ukuthwebula amandla. Ama-bearings angenalutho ohlelweni lwe-yaw kufanele avumele ukujikeleza okubushelelezi, okulawulwayo ngenkathi kusekela isisindo esikhulu se-nacelle ne-rotor. Lawa ma-bearings ngokuvamile athatha uhlobo lwamasongo okujula anobubanzi obukhulu noma ama-bearings ahlukene.

I-Yaw system plain bearings idinga ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwejubane eliphansi kanye nekhono lokumelana nokugqwala okushubile, okungenzeka ngenxa yokunyakaza okuncane kwe-oscillatory okubangelwa ukushintshashintsha komoya. Eziningi zalawa mabheringi ahlanganisa izinto ezizigcoba ngokwazo noma amadamu okuthambisa akhethekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okungaguquguquki nezidingo zokunakekela ezincane. Idizayini yalawa mabheringi kufanele futhi ichaze ukungahleleki kahle okungenzeka ngenxa yokuchezuka kombhoshongo noma ukulungiswa kwesisekelo.

I-Pitch System Bearings

Isistimu ye-pitch kuma-turbine omoya ilungisa i-engeli yama-rotor blades ukuze ilawule ukuphuma kwamandla futhi ivikele i-turbine esivinini somoya eseqile. Ama-bearings angenalutho ohlelweni lwe-pitch kumele avumele ukuzungezisa okunembile, okulawulwayo kwensingo ngayinye kuyilapho emelana nemithwalo ephawulekayo nezikhathi. Lawa ma-bearings ngokuvamile asebenza ngezikhathi ezithile kodwa kufanele aphendule ngokushesha nangokunembile lapho ebizwa.

Isistimu ye-pitch ama-bearings alula ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izinto ezithuthukisiwe eziyinhlanganisela ezinikeza inhlanganisela yomthamo omkhulu womthwalo, ukungqubuzana okuphansi, nokumelana nokugqokwa okuhle kakhulu. Izakhiwo zokuzigcoba zalezi zinsiza zizuzisa kakhulu kulolu hlelo lokusebenza, njengoba zingakwazi ukugcina ukusebenza kwazo ngisho nangesikhathi eside sokungasebenzi. Amanye ama-pitch bearings ahlanganisa nezinhlelo zokuvala ezikhethekile ukuze kuvikelwe ekungcoleni okuvela ezicini zemvelo ezifana nothuli, umswakama, noma isifutho sikasawoti ezindaweni zasogwini.

Izinselele Zobunjiniyela

Ukusetshenziswa kwama-bearings angenalutho endaweni ebaluleke kangaka akunazo izinselelo, ezinqotshwe ngobunjiniyela obuphambili:

I-Friction kanye Nokugcoba: Othintana naye oslayidayo ngokwemvelo unokungqubuzana okuphezulu kunokuxhumana okugoqayo. Lokhu kuncishiswa ngokusebenzisa izinto eziyinhlanganisela zokuzithambisa (isb, PTFE/graphite linings on a steel backing) futhi eyinkimbinkimbi, ezenzakalelayo izinhlelo zokugcoba ezimaphakathi eziletha amafutha ngokunembile endaweni eshelelayo ngezikhathi ezihleliwe.

Ukugqwala nokungcoliswa: Akhiwe phesheya kolwandle noma ezindaweni ezikude, izinjini zomoya zichayeka kumswakama, usawoti kanye nokungcola. Ama-Bearings avaliwe nge-Advanced i-labyrinth noma izimpawu zenjoloba ukuvikela izindawo ezishelelayo ezibalulekile ezintweni ezingcolile.

Izidingo Zokusebenza: Kumelwe zisebenze ngokwethembeka kulo lonke ibanga elikhulu lokushisa, kusukela ezimweni ezibandayo ze-Arctic ukuya ekushiseni kwasogwadule, futhi ngenkathi zingaphansi kokudlidliza nokunyakaza okunyakazayo (kunokuzungezisa okuqhubekayo)

Isiphetho

Uma kukhulunywa ngokusebenza kahle, ukungaguquguquki, kanye neminyaka eyimpilo yamaturbine omoya asezingeni eliphezulu, umumo ongenalutho uyingxenye ebalulekile. Lezi zihloko zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwezinjini zomoya njengoba zithwala imithwalo emikhulu ku-shaft eyinhloko futhi zivumela ukulawula okuqondile kwezinhlaka ze-yaw ne-pitch. Njengoba amandla omoya eqhubeka nokukhula njengomthombo wamandla avuselelekayo obalulekile, ukubaluleka kokuslayida kwenoveli/ ama-bearings angenalutho ekhwalithi ephezulu kubalulekile. Izinjini zomoya sezivele zisebenza kahle, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo ezintweni zokwakha, izinhlelo zokuqapha, nobuchwepheshe bokuthambisa kufanele kuzenze zibe njalo nakakhulu.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamabheringi angenalutho asetshenziswa ezinjinini zomoya?

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zifaka ama-bearings ayinhlanganisela yensimbi-plastic, ama-bimetal bearings, kanye nama-bearings ensimbi eyodwa. Lezi zisetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene ezifana ne-main shaft, i-yaw system, nesistimu ye-pitch.

2. Ngabe ama-bearings angenalutho anomthelela kanjani ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-wind turbine?

Ukusetshenziswa kwesihloko esingenalutho kwenza ukusebenza kushelele futhi kunciphisa amashwa ngokunciphisa ukugaya phakathi kwezingxenye ezihambayo. Umphumela uba ukukhushulwa kokukhiqizwa kanye nokulawulwa kokukhiqizwa kwe-turbine.

3. Yiziphi izinselelo zokugcina ama-bearings angenalutho ezinjinini zomoya ezingasogwini lolwandle?

Ukugqwala okuvela emanzini anosawoti, ukungafinyeleleki kokunakekelwa, kanye nesimo sezulu esibi ngezinye zezinkinga ezihlangabezana nazo izinjini zomoya zasogwini. Ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga, kusetshenziswa izinto ezikhethekile nemiklamo.

Khetha i-EPEN yezidingo zakho ze-Wind Turbine Plain Bearing

Njengokuhola i-sliding bear/plain bearing, I-Jiashan Epen Bearing Co., Ltd. inikeza izixazululo zekhwalithi ephezulu zezicelo ze-turbine yomoya. Ama-bearings ethu ahlanganisiwe ensimbi-yepulasitiki kanye nama-bimetal bearings aklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezidingekayo zomkhakha wamandla avuselelekayo. Ngokuzibophezela kwethu ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo, sinikeza ama-bearings angenalutho amasha, ahlala isikhathi eside, futhi asebenzayo athuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-wind turbine. Xhumana nathi ku epen@cnepen.cn ukuze ufunde ukuthi imikhiqizo yethu ingathuthukisa kanjani amaphrojekthi akho wamandla omoya.

EPEN EX SLIDING BEARING

Vula i-EX eshelelayo

Okubhekwayo

Johnson, KL (2018). Thintana neMechanics kanye Nomklamo Wama-Wind Turbine Bearings. Amandla Omoya, 21(3), 149-162.

USmith, AB, & Jones, CD (2019). Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezinto Zokuthwala Okungenalutho Kwezicelo Zamandla Avuselelekayo. Ijenali ye-Tribology, 141(2), 021703.

Williams, EF, et al. (2020). Ukuqapha Isimo Semibhoshongo ye-Wind Turbine: Ukubuyekezwa Okubanzi. Ukubuyekezwa Kwezamandla Avuselelekayo Nezinzile, 132, 110066.

Brown, RH, & Green, ST (2017). Amasu okugcoba ama-Wind Turbine Bearings. I-Tribology International, 115, 1-10.

U-Lee, YS, & Park, JK (2021). Imiklamo Emisha Ye-Plain Bearing yama-Offshore Wind Turbines Amakhulu. I-Ocean Engineering, 228, 108871.

U-Chen, X., & Zhang, L. (2019). Ukuguquguquka Kwezemvelo Kwama-Plain Bearings Ezimeni Zesimo Sezulu Ezidlulele: I-Case Study yama-Arctic Wind Farms. Izifunda Ezibandayo Isayensi Nobuchwepheshe, 168, 102888.

Iqhaza Elibalulekile Le-Plain Bearings kuma-Wind Turbines